被動語態(Passive Voice)是英語寫作和口語表達中不可或缺的語法結構,掌握它能讓你的英文更加專業、正式且多樣化。無論你是準備DSE考試的學生、職場專業人士,還是想提升英語能力的學習者,這份完整指南將幫助你徹底理解被動語態的用法、結構和應用場景,讓你的英語表達更上一層樓。
立即開始學習被動語態的完整知識,從基礎概念到進階應用,全面提升你的英語能力
被動語態是一種語法結構,用於強調動作的接受者而非執行者。在被動語態中,句子的主語是動作的接受者,而非動作的執行者。這與主動語態形成鮮明對比,主動語態中句子的主語是動作的執行者。
被動語態的基本結構是:主語(接受者)+ 適當形式的be動詞 + 過去分詞 + by + 執行者(可省略)
主動語態:The teacher explains the lesson. (老師解釋課程。)
被動語態:The lesson is explained by the teacher. (課程被老師解釋。)
了解主動語態和被動語態的區別是掌握英語語法的關鍵。以下是兩者的主要差異:
| 特點 | 主動語態 (Active Voice) | 被動語態 (Passive Voice) |
| 句子結構 | 主語(執行者)+ 動詞 + 賓語(接受者) | 主語(接受者)+ be動詞 + 過去分詞 + by + 執行者(可省略) |
| 重點強調 | 強調動作的執行者 | 強調動作的接受者或動作本身 |
| 句子長度 | 通常較短、直接 | 通常較長、間接 |
| 常見用途 | 日常對話、敘事、非正式寫作 | 學術論文、科學報告、新聞報導、正式文件 |
| 例句 | The company hired ten new employees. | Ten new employees were hired (by the company). |
理解被動語態的最佳方法是通過實際練習。以下是一些主動句轉換為被動句的例子,幫助你掌握轉換的基本規則:
主動: They build this house in 1990.
被動: This house was built in 1990.
主動: The teacher is explaining the lesson.
被動: The lesson is being explained by the teacher.
主動: She will complete the project tomorrow.
被動: The project will be completed tomorrow.
主動: They have sold all the tickets.
被動: All the tickets have been sold.
主動: Someone stole my bike yesterday.
被動: My bike was stolen yesterday.
主動: People speak English all over the world.
被動: English is spoken all over the world.
被動語態可以在各種時態中使用。以下是10種常見時態的主動語態和被動語態對照表,幫助你全面掌握被動語態在不同時態中的應用:
| 時態 | 主動語態結構 | 被動語態結構 | 例句 |
| 一般現在時 | S + V(s/es) + O | S + am/is/are + V3 (過去分詞) | 主動:They clean the room. 被動:The room is cleaned (by them). |
| 一般過去時 | S + V2 (過去式) + O | S + was/were + V3 (過去分詞) | 主動:They cleaned the room. 被動:The room was cleaned (by them). |
| 一般將來時 | S + will + V + O | S + will be + V3 (過去分詞) | 主動:They will clean the room. 被動:The room will be cleaned (by them). |
| 現在進行時 | S + am/is/are + V-ing + O | S + am/is/are + being + V3 | 主動:They are cleaning the room. 被動:The room is being cleaned (by them). |
| 過去進行時 | S + was/were + V-ing + O | S + was/were + being + V3 | 主動:They were cleaning the room. 被動:The room was being cleaned (by them). |
| 現在完成時 | S + have/has + V3 + O | S + have/has + been + V3 | 主動:They have cleaned the room. 被動:The room has been cleaned (by them). |
| 過去完成時 | S + had + V3 + O | S + had + been + V3 | 主動:They had cleaned the room. 被動:The room had been cleaned (by them). |
| 將來完成時 | S + will have + V3 + O | S + will have been + V3 | 主動:They will have cleaned the room. 被動:The room will have been cleaned (by them). |
| 情態動詞 | S + modal + V + O | S + modal + be + V3 | 主動:They can clean the room. 被動:The room can be cleaned (by them). |
| going to 結構 | S + am/is/are going to + V + O | S + am/is/are going to be + V3 | 主動:They are going to clean the room. 被動:The room is going to be cleaned (by them). |
下載我們的被動語態速查表,隨時查閱各種時態的被動語態結構和例句
雖然主動語態通常更為直接和清晰,但在某些情況下,被動語態是更好的選擇。以下是8種適合使用被動語態的情況:
當我們不知道或不需要強調誰執行了動作時,被動語態是理想的選擇。
例:My car was stolen last night. (我的車昨晚被偷了。)
當句子的重點是動作的接受者而非執行者時,被動語態能有效地將焦點轉移。
例:The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. (蒙娜麗莎是由達芬奇繪製的。)
科學和學術寫作通常使用被動語態來保持客觀性和正式性。
例:The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions. (實驗在受控條件下進行。)
新聞報導經常使用被動語態,特別是在報導事件而非執行者時。
例:Five people were injured in the accident. (五人在事故中受傷。)
正式文件通常使用被動語態來保持專業和客觀的語氣。
例:Payment must be received by the 15th of each month. (付款必須在每月15日前收到。)
被動語態可以用來委婉地表達批評或避免直接指責。
例:Mistakes were made in the report. (報告中出現了錯誤。)
當前一句的主題是下一句動作的接受者時,使用被動語態可以保持句子的連貫性。
例:The new policy was announced yesterday. It will be implemented next month. (新政策昨天公布。它將在下個月實施。)
指示和說明中經常使用被動語態,特別是在強調過程而非執行者時。
例:The button should be pressed to start the machine. (應按下按鈕啟動機器。)
以下是按不同主題分類的被動語態例句,幫助你理解被動語態在各種情境中的實際應用:
在學習和使用被動語態時,學習者常常會犯一些錯誤。了解這些常見錯誤及其避免方法,可以幫助你更準確地使用被動語態:
錯誤: The accident was happened yesterday.
修正: The accident happened yesterday.
原因: happen是不及物動詞,不能用於被動語態。
錯誤: The letter is wrote by John.
修正: The letter is written by John.
原因: 過去分詞形式錯誤,wrote是過去式,written是過去分詞。
錯誤: The books is read by the students.
修正: The books are read by the students.
原因: 主謂不一致,複數主語books應使用are而非is。
錯誤: The dinner was cooked by my mother by last night.
修正: The dinner was cooked by my mother last night.
原因: by短語使用錯誤,時間狀語前不應加by。
掌握基本的被動語態後,讓我們來看一些更複雜的被動語態應用,這些在高級英語寫作和考試中經常出現:
有些動詞(如give, send, offer, show等)可以帶兩個賓語,這類句子有兩種被動語態形式:
主動: They gave me a book.
被動1: I was given a book (by them).
被動2: A book was given to me (by them).
兩種形式都是正確的,但第一種形式在口語中更為常見。
感知動詞(如see, hear, watch, notice等)在被動語態中有特殊的結構:
主動: People saw him leave the building.
被動: He was seen to leave the building.
主動: We heard her sing a beautiful song.
被動: She was heard to sing a beautiful song.
注意在被動形式中,不定式to通常會被加入。
情態動詞(如can, could, may, might, should等)在被動語態中的結構是:情態動詞 + be + 過去分詞
主動: You should finish this report by Friday.
被動: This report should be finished by Friday.
主動: They might announce the results tomorrow.
被動: The results might be announced tomorrow.
通過以下練習題測試你對被動語態的理解和應用能力:
Active: They are building a new shopping mall in our city.
Passive: A new shopping mall __________ in our city.
A) is building B) is being built C) is been built D) are being built
答案: B) is being built
Active: Someone has stolen my wallet.
Passive: My wallet __________.
A) has stolen B) has been stealing C) has been stolen D) have been stolen
答案: C) has been stolen
Active: The teacher will explain the lesson tomorrow.
Passive: The lesson __________ by the teacher tomorrow.
A) will explain B) will be explained C) will explaining D) will have explained
答案: B) will be explained
Active: They have postponed the meeting.
Passive: The meeting __________ __________ __________.
答案: has been postponed
Active: People speak English in many countries.
Passive: English __________ __________ in many countries.
答案: is spoken
Active: The police were questioning the suspect when I arrived.
Passive: The suspect __________ __________ __________ by the police when I arrived.
答案: was being questioned
Active: The company employs over 1000 people.
Passive: ___________________________________
答案: Over 1000 people are employed by the company.
Active: They will announce the winner next week.
Passive: ___________________________________
答案: The winner will be announced next week.
Active: Someone had cleaned the room before we arrived.
Passive: ___________________________________
答案: The room had been cleaned before we arrived.
對於香港的DSE考生來說,掌握被動語態的正確使用是提高英語卷別分數的關鍵。以下是一些DSE考試中應用被動語態的實用技巧:
DSE考試提示: 在Paper 2寫作中,適當使用被動語態可以展示你的語法多樣性,這是評分標準中的重要一環。但記住,過度使用會使文章顯得冗長和不自然。
想要進一步提升你的被動語態掌握程度?填寫以下表格,獲取針對你的英語水平定制的被動語態練習題和學習資源。
被動語態是英語語法中的重要組成部分,掌握它能讓你的英語表達更加多樣化、專業和精確。通過本指南,我們已經全面介紹了被動語態的定義、結構、時態變化、使用場景以及常見錯誤。
記住,被動語態並非總是最佳選擇,關鍵是知道何時使用它。在正式寫作、學術論文、科學報告和新聞報導中,被動語態能幫助你保持客觀和專業的語氣。而在日常交流和敘事中,主動語態通常更為直接和生動。
持續練習是掌握被動語態的關鍵。通過我們提供的例句和練習題,你可以逐步提高對被動語態的理解和應用能力,從而在學業、考試和職場中取得更好的成績。
下載我們的被動語態完整指南,獲取更多例句、練習題和學習技巧
沒有絕對的好壞之分,兩者各有適用場景。主動語態通常更直接、清晰和簡潔,適合日常交流和敘事。被動語態則在需要強調動作接受者、執行者不重要或未知,或需要保持正式、客觀語氣時更為適用。關鍵是根據具體情境選擇合適的語態。
不是所有動詞都可以用於被動語態。只有及物動詞(有直接賓語的動詞)才能用於被動語態。不及物動詞(如happen, sleep, arrive等)不能用於被動語態,因為它們沒有直接賓語。
在DSE考試中,適當使用被動語態可以展示你的語法多樣性和語言靈活性。在Paper 2寫作中,尤其是正式文體(如報告、論文、申請信)中,被動語態可以幫助你保持正式和客觀的語氣。但要注意避免過度使用,保持句式多樣化。在描述過程、程序或結果時,被動語態尤為適用。
避免被動語態錯誤的關鍵是:1) 確保只對及物動詞使用被動語態;2) 正確使用過去分詞形式;3) 確保be動詞與主語在數量上一致;4) 適度使用被動語態,避免過度使用;5) 合理使用by短語,只在需要強調動作執行者時使用。持續練習和閱讀優質英語材料也能幫助你更自然地使用被動語態。
在商業英語中,被動語態常用於:1) 正式報告和文件;2) 描述公司流程和程序;3) 傳達決策而不指明決策者;4) 委婉表達批評或負面信息;5) 強調結果而非過程。例如:"The deadline has been extended"(截止日期已延長)、"All employees are required to attend the meeting"(所有員工都需要參加會議)、"The project was completed ahead of schedule"(項目提前完成)等。
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